
It is one of the most comprehensive qualitative data analysis programs. Outliers were extracted from the meta-analysis only if case deletion diagnostics showed that extraction of these effects would have an substantial effect on the fitted model (by analyzing Cook's distances) or on the variancecovariance matrix of the parameter estimates (by analyzing covariance ratios).Network meta-analysis has been gaining prominence as an evidence synthesis method that enables the comprehensive synthesis and simultaneous comparison of multiple treatments. In many network meta-analyses, some of the constituent studies may have markedly different characteristics from the others, and may be influential enough to change the overall results. The inclusion of these "outlying" studies might lead to biases, yielding misleading results.
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The thick line represents the average effect according to the random-effects model.
